Amundsen reached South Pole (1911), Kornberg synthesized DNA (1967), Napoleon lost in Russia (1812), Planck presented quantum theory (1900), USSR expelled from League of Nations (1939), 47 Ronin avenged master (1702), Christmas declared holiday in Cuba (1997), first nut and bolt machine patented (1798), NASCAR founded (1947), first state highway cleared in US (1793).
First Explorers Reached South Pole. (1911) Norwegian Roald Amundsen and his expedition successfully reached the North Pole, beating rival British Robert Falcon Scott’s expedition by nearly a month. Amundsen would later become the first explorer to fly over the North Pole in 1926.
Arthur Kornberg and his colleague announced the first successful synthesis of DNA. (1967) Although President Johnson erroneously reported that researchers had “created life in a test tube,” Kornberg and his colleagues had indeed succeeded in synthetically replicating some viral DNA. This set the stage for virtually all subsequent DNA discoveries, as it provided significant insight into how DNA is actually formed and that DNA can be created synthetically.
Napoleon left Russia after suffering heavy losses. (1812) Napoleon I’s Grande Armée was expelled from Russian territory after losing most of its forces – several hundred thousand men. This was a turning point in Napoleon’s plans to conquer Europe and marked the beginning of the decline of Napoleonic power.
Quantum theory is said to have been born. (1900) Physicist Max Planck presented a groundbreaking study of the effects of radiation on what he termed “black body” matter. He claimed that radiant energy was made up of tiny parts called quanta. Planck’s theories formed the basis on which quantum mechanics and mathematics were formed and strongly influenced Niehls Bohr, Albert Einstein and Erwin Schrödinger.
The USSR was expelled from the League of Nations. (1939) The League of Nations, the predecessor of the United Nations, expelled the USSR in response to the USSR’s invasion of Finland. It was one of the last actions before the League of Nations collapsed altogether in the buildup to World War II.
The 47 Ronin have avenged their master. (1702) An important part of Japanese history, the 47 ronin were samurai until their master was ordered to commit suicide after killing an arrogant officer. In revenge, the ronin killed the official and was ordered to commit suicide. The story of the 47 ronin remains a popular Japanese legend and the 47 ronin are seen as examples of loyalty and fidelity.
Christmas declared a holiday in Cuba. (1997) Castro declared Christmas a holiday for the first time since he came to power in the mid-1970s. He made this change in preparation for John Paul II’s visit to Cuba in January 1998, the first time a pope has visited Cuba.
The first nut and bolt machine was patented. (1798) David Wilkinson of Rhode Island patented the first nut and bolt machine, which was used to cut the threads on screws.
NASCAR was born. (1947) The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, Inc. (NASCAR) became the largest stock car racing body in the United States.
The first state highway was cleared in the United States. (1793) Ran from present-day Frankfort, Kentucky to Cincinnati, Ohio.
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