Human nutrient requirements include calories, fat, carbohydrates, protein, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids. Inadequate levels of certain nutrients can lead to diseases, but severe deficiencies are rare in developed countries. Meeting nutrient requirements is important for optimal health, and deficiencies can lead to various health conditions. Human nutrient requirements are the amounts of different types […]
The human cannonball act involves launching a person from a cannon, with no gunpowder used. The Great Farini invented the device in the late 19th century, with the first human cannonball being Rosa Richter in 1877. The act remained popular for two decades before waning, but was revived in the 1920s with Ildebrando Zacchini’s new […]
All jobs are considered human capital jobs, even unskilled ones, as they increase productivity and the value of a company. Jobs requiring human interaction with customers, knowledge and skills, and leadership roles are also human capital jobs. Employees can increase their human capital through education and training. Since human capital is a term used to […]
Human perception relies on the smooth functioning of sensory organs, nerves, and the brain. The brain’s limited processing ability and cultural conditioning also affect perception. The senses gather a vast amount of data, but the brain filters it to focus on the most relevant information. Perception is shaped by individual differences in sense organs and […]
Human factors psychologists use psychology and engineering to design products that are safe, comfortable, and easy to use. They work in government agencies and private industries, studying human behavior in various settings, including transportation. They typically hold a master’s or doctorate in psychology and have knowledge of computer science and cognitive psychology. Research projects involve […]
Mitochondrial DNA testing shows that all humans descended from a founding group in East Africa around 140,000 years ago. Haplogroups L1, L2, and L3 spread across Africa, with L3 crossing the Red Sea into Yemen and eventually colonizing Europe, Asia, and Australia. A discrete migration occurred at the Bering land bridge, and humans have since […]
Some animals, including saltwater crocodiles, gray wolves, great white sharks, and tigers, have preyed on humans, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths. Humans have tools to defend themselves, but extinct predators like the cave hyena, dire wolf, and giant Australian lizard Megalania likely went extinct due to human activity. These animals would have competed […]
90% of cells in the human body are non-human, including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The human gut alone has over 100 trillion microbial cells, and non-human microorganisms outnumber human cells by a factor of 10. Only 1% of all microbiota on and in the body has been identified. People have unique bacterial signatures, with each […]
Human factors design involves minimizing confusion and safety risks for humans and machines to coordinate effectively. It includes physical and training aspects, with specialized machinery requiring more attention to training. The discipline grew in prominence during WWII due to pilot deaths from lack of attention to human factors design. Space exploration presents unique challenges for […]
Human factors engineering is a relatively new field that combines knowledge from various disciplines to optimize product design for natural human movements. To become a human factors engineer, a master’s degree in human factors engineering or a related discipline is required, with an undergraduate degree in a field related to human factors as a prerequisite. […]
Blastocystis hominis is a common parasitic infection that can cause a variety of symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and flatulence. It is transmitted through contaminated water or fecal matter and can be diagnosed through a stool sample. There are no effective treatments, but the infection often clears up on its own. Blastocystis hominis is a […]
Human factors engineering studies how users interact with products, including design, psychology, and education. Experts from various fields analyze how people use products to design them more naturally. The concept originated in WWII and expanded into consumer products in the 1980s, playing a key role in defining computer interfaces and workplace furniture. The goal is […]
Apollo 13 holds the record for the furthest humans have been from Earth, reaching 400,171 km from Earth’s surface. The mission was redirected after an oxygen tank explosion, using the Moon’s gravity to return to Earth. The record is unlikely to be surpassed before 2020, when the US and Japan plan to return to the […]
Humans evolved different blood types in response to disease. The ABO system distinguishes four blood types, but there are actually 29 different blood group systems with over 600 distinct antigens. Type O is the universal donor, while type AB is the universal recipient. The Rhesus blood group system is often integrated with the ABO system. […]
NASA is exploring the use of mycelium, the thread-like material inside mushrooms, to build habitats on the moon and Mars. The structures would include nutrient-producing cyanobacteria and water ice, and be baked to prevent contamination. The project could also have applications on Earth. In hopes of finding a relatively cheap and logistically feasible way to […]
Approximately 20% of the human genome is made up of patented gene sequences, with over 40,000 gene patents granted between the 1970s and 2011. Patented genes can be controlled by the patent holder and require license fees for use. The concept of genetic patenting is controversial, with proponents and detractors. To patent a genetic sequence, […]
The European Conventions on Human Rights protect people’s rights and freedoms in Europe. They cover topics such as the right to life, fair trial, privacy, freedom of expression and assembly, and protection from discrimination. The conventions also prohibit the use of rights for purposes other than intended and limit political activity of non-citizens. People have […]
The human body has 37.2 trillion cells, most containing tightly coiled strands of DNA. Unwound, the DNA would stretch over 10 billion miles. Red blood cells lack DNA, and 8% of human DNA comes from retroviruses. 5000 strands of DNA are needed to compare to a single human hair. The average human body is made […]
International human rights law covers laws, regulations, and agreements related to how governments treat certain groups. The United Nations is a major contributor to this law, with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights being a well-known treaty. However, enforcement and adoption of these laws vary by country. Regional bodies, such as the European Court of […]
Human factors engineering applies knowledge of human physiology and psychology to design technological systems that are easy for people to use safely and reduce the chance of errors. Human factors engineers work in various fields, including aviation, manufacturing, and telecommunications, and require a background in psychology and interface design. Human factors engineering, sometimes referred to […]
