To remove chocolate stains, break down oils and milk solids and wash the item carefully. Remove excess solids before treating the stain with a gentle touch. Use liquid dishwashing detergent or a solution of ammonia and water for carpets. Use a stain remover bar or liquid for clothes and be careful with dry clean only […]
Port-wine stains are birthmarks caused by unusual blood vessel growth, sometimes indicating an underlying condition. They can be treated with lasers or surgery, but may also be embraced as a visible sign of difference. About one in 500 babies is born with a port-wine stain. A port-wine stain is a type of congenital birthmark caused […]
Cotton wool spots on the retina are caused by blocked blood flow and are often a sign of diabetes or high blood pressure. They do not usually affect vision but indicate a need for aggressive treatment of underlying conditions. Cotton wool spots are yellow or white flocculent artifacts that arise on the surface of the […]
The Gram stain test identifies bacterial species by detecting lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans in cell walls. Gram-positive bacteria have high peptidoglycan levels, while Gram-negative bacteria have lower levels with lipopolysaccharides. The test involves treating a bacterial sample with gentian violet iodine solution, rinsing with water, applying Gram’s solution, rinsing with ethyl alcohol, and applying a counterstain. […]
Giemsa stain is a mixture of dyes used to highlight different cell types in blood smears or tissue slices. It is named after Gustav Giemsa and produces different colors depending on what it binds to. The staining process is useful in studying chromosomes and visualizing the differences between various blood cells. Giemsa stain is a […]
