Polypropylene pipe is a cost-effective and durable material used in industrial settings due to its chemical and thermal resistance. It is also used in residential and commercial waste streams. It is primarily isotactic and can handle caustic streams, but not strong oxidizing agents. It is also used for conveying distilled water and in heating and […]
Ratchet jacks use incremental force to lift heavy objects and come in various shapes and designs. They are made of heavy-duty steel and can hold up to 20 tons. They are used in construction, mining, and storage facilities, and comply with OSHA standards for safety. A ratchet jack is a tool that lifts a heavy […]
The dynamo is an electrical generator that produces direct current using a commutator. It was first used for industry, but was quickly replaced by other generators due to inefficiencies. It is based on Faraday’s law of induction and was the first commercially useful electric generator. Dynamo is a word that once simply meant an electrical […]
Clear span is an open space without structural supports, allowing for flexible stacking. Design considerations are important for industrial buildings, as pillars can limit usability. Builders measure distances and use larger supports to distribute weight evenly. Clearing out is important for storage and movement. A clear span is an open area with no structural supports […]
Water abstraction is the artificial removal of water from its natural environment for various purposes. Methods include drilling wells, irrigation, and pumping. Regulations are necessary to prevent negative consequences such as depletion of water sources and damage to natural bodies of water. Water abstraction is a term used to define the process by which water […]
Disc mills are machines used for crushing or grinding materials, ranging from small laboratory models to large industrial machines. They consist of rotating steel plates with smooth or serrated edges, and can have blades or spikes attached. They are used in agriculture, food and chemical processing, mining, and recycling. They are more powerful than hammer […]
A reflectometer measures light intensity through a solution or object as a function of wavelength. It consists of a spectrometer and photometer, and is used to measure reflectivity and diffusivity. Reflectometers are used in industry and education, with the Spectronic 20 being a common type. Beer’s law is used to find the proportional relationship between […]
An environmental coordinator formulates, researches, and implements environmental policies. They work in various contexts, such as government offices, companies, and organizations. They require excellent communication skills and a bachelor’s degree in environmental science or a related subject. An environmental coordinator is a person responsible for the formulation, research and implementation of environmental policies. Environmental Coordinators […]
Wood energy is the use of wood as a fuel source, which can be burned for space heating, cooking, and mechanical energy. It supplies 14% of the world’s energy needs, with developing countries relying on it more. The United Nations has formulated sustainable wood energy plans to help these countries maintain energy independence while developing […]
Scale calibration ensures accuracy. Commercial scales need calibration every few weeks or months, while home scales can go longer. Inaccuracies can occur due to wear or environmental factors. Calibration is done using known weights and adjusting the scale. Multiple weights are used to confirm accuracy. Tare calibration is used to weigh goods in containers without […]
A bill of lading confirms receipt of goods, indicating the ship, destination, and terms of transport. Inland, ocean, through, and air waybills cover different types of transport. Negotiable bills of lading allow ownership and rerouting, while non-negotiable bills are delivered only to the named consignee. A bill of lading is a type of document used […]
Tube shields are used to filter out radio frequency interference (RFI) from vacuum tubes in electronic circuits. They work like a Faraday cage, absorbing and cancelling interference. Tube shields come in various designs and act as a heat sink, dissipating thermal energy. They are particularly useful for high-gain tubes and reduce the amplifier’s noise floor. […]
Metal milling shapes, cuts, and punches metal parts using milling machines. Newer technology uses computer numerical control (CNC) processes. Metal milling is a crucial component of manufacturing metal products and employs around 70 million people worldwide. The process can produce flat surfaces or complex three-dimensional shapes using various cutting bits. It is an expensive process […]
Impermeable surfaces like pavement and compacted soil prevent water absorption, leading to flooding, reduced groundwater recharge, and increased pollution. They also collect heat and inhibit plant growth. Permeable pavements and floodwater collection can mitigate these issues. An impermeable surface is a surface that cannot be penetrated by water. A classic example of an impermeable surface […]
Limescale buildup in pipes decreases flow volume, increases pressure, and makes water-based machines work harder. Pipe scale is caused by minerals in flowing liquid and can cause flow variations, increase electricity usage, and shorten the life of connected devices. It also affects the taste of drinking water and can cause bacteria buildup. Pipe scale in […]
Melamine chipboard is a strong and dense engineered wood product made from waste wood materials bonded with melamine resin. It is considered safe as melamine is embedded within the material, limiting exposure. Melamine is also used as an upholstery material and can add fire retardant and anti-bacterial properties. However, the main concern is that the […]
Moment frames are box-shaped frames with special joints that aid in resistance to wind and earthquake damage. There are three types: ordinary, intermediate, and special. Buildings are intended to bend with moderate momentum and return to their previous state, but to survive a major earthquake, the frame should bend and absorb energy without falling over. […]
Blast chillers, also known as shock freezers, rapidly freeze food with extremely cold temperatures, creating small ice crystals that preserve the food’s integrity and reduce bacterial growth. They are commonly used in the frozen food industry and commercial kitchens, but can also be used by home cooks. A blast chiller is an extremely cold freezer. […]
Laser engraving is a precise method of marking or engraving a workpiece, with advantages such as accuracy and versatility, but high equipment costs. It can be used for industrial or artistic purposes on various materials, including stone, glass, metal, and plastic. The hardware typically includes a laser, workspace, and interface, with different types of equipment […]
Axial lead is a connection configuration used on many electrical and electronic parts designed for board or carrier mounting. The leads are typically long enough to allow for easy installation into most PCB layouts. Axial lead configurations are found on a wide variety of components, including carbon resistors, electrolytic capacitors, fuses, and LEDs. The conductors […]
