Trinidad and Tobago is a South American archipelagic state with a diverse population and a history of colonization. The islands are home to various attractions, including the second largest carnival in America and ecotourism opportunities. The main administrative center is in Port of Spain, and the country is led by a president, prime minister, and senate. English is the official language, and tourism and international investments are significant sources of income.
The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is an archipelagic state occupying a total land area of 1,979 square miles (5,128 km²) divided into 23 islands. The two main archipelagos, Tobago and Trinidad, are home to the island’s main attractions and government offices, while many of the small islands are underdeveloped.
Trinidad and Tobago is next to Venezuela in South America. Port of Spain, the capital, is located on the island of Trinidad and is the main administrative center of Trinidad and Tobago. The main city is the Municipality of Chaguanas, with a total population of over 67,000. Chaguanas is surrounded by water on three sides and is home to several parks and a large wetland.
The island has an ancient history that includes 7,000 years of pre-colonization inhabitants. A former British colony, Trinidad and Tobago became an independent republic in 1976. George Maxwell Richards, president since 2007, is a local resident and a respected politician. A prime minister and a senate, both directly appointed by the president, hold the majority of votes on state decisions.
The population of Trinidad and Tobago has a very heterogeneous demographic, the result of years of colonization, slave trafficking and immigration. Afro-Trinidadians, also known as Creoles, are a mix of African nationals with the local indigenous population and the major ethnic group on the island. Indo-Trinidadians are far behind. Minority ethnic groups include everything from Chinese immigrants to descendants of the original French and British pioneers.
Despite the variety of races that live in Trinidad and Tobago, the only official language is English. Small rural groups speak several dialects, including Bhojpuri and Tobagonian Creole English. A large part of the population studies Spanish in order to communicate with neighboring countries.
Trinidad and Tobago hosts the second largest carnival in America, right after Brazil. The pre-Lenten carnival is actually a mix of Christian and indigenous celebrations and includes a range of celebrations, including dancing, food and decorations. Calypso Afro-Caribbean music originated in Trinidad and Tobago and has slowly expanded throughout the world.
Tourism is one of the main sources of income on the island. Visitors to Trinidad and Tobago mostly come for its ecotourism opportunities. Surfing and water sports are hugely popular on the island, as are hiking, swimming and yachting. Nature lovers can enjoy bird watching tours or camp in the rainforests. International investments also generate an important part of the country’s money.
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