Spectrum disorder is a term used in psychiatry to divide brain disorders into subtypes based on how the disability affects the patient. Autism is a common reference to spectrum disorder, which is further divided into Asperger’s syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder. Children with spectrum disorders lack normal social skills and often have difficulty interacting with others. Routine is commonly very important for those with spectrum disorders. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is related to fetal alcohol syndrome. Early signs of these disorders include a child not speaking a single word by age 16 months.
A spectrum disorder is a condition linked by subgroups that have similar symptoms ranging from mild to severe. The term is used in psychiatry to divide brain disorders into subtypes based on how the disability affects the patient. The most common references to spectrum disorder relate to conditions such as autism, a brain defect that leads to social, behavioral and learning differences.
Autism spectrum disorder is further divided into Asperger’s syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder. Asperger’s syndrome is considered a milder form of autism, with many of the same symptoms and behaviors. Pervasive developmental disorder is a general category when the patient’s disabilities are similar but cannot be positively defined as autism or Asperger’s syndrome.
Children with spectrum disorders lack normal social skills and often have difficulty interacting with other children and adults. They may avoid eye contact and appear disinterested when spoken to. Some people with these disorders prefer to be alone and resist any attempts at affection. They may have speech disabilities that contribute to communication difficulties.
Routine is commonly very important for those with spectrum disorders. The change in routine or surroundings can be upsetting, along with strange reactions to unexpected sounds. The disability could cause the child to repeat a sound or activity over and over again. Sometimes he fixates on one area of interest to the exclusion of other activities.
Savant Spectrum Disorder is a rare but fascinating condition in which a severely mentally retarded person has extraordinary talent in a certain area. Talent is commonly associated with a section of the brain and involves numbers, art, music or memory. Although savant disorder falls into a subset of autism spectrum disorder, only about half of savants have autism.
Another condition that causes brain damage and learning disabilities is fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, which is related to fetal alcohol syndrome. Developmental and cognitive problems can result from a mother drinking alcohol while pregnant. The severity of the disabilities depends on how often the woman drank, how much alcohol she consumed, and at what point in her pregnancy she used it. In extreme cases, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder can lead to mental retardation.
Early signs of these disorders include a child not speaking a single word by age 16 months; by age two, your child may not be able to put two words together. It does not usually point to objects when they are presented or in view, such as a passing train. Emotionally, children with this disability may not want to be held or cuddled and may be sensitive to touch.
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