Electronic art encompasses various media and interpretations of technology, often inviting participant interaction. Examples include virtual reality programs, electronic music, and gene manipulation. The term can also apply to television broadcasts, videos, films with CGI, and online video games. New forms are likely to emerge.
Electronic art does not allow for a single definition. It is created in a variety of media and with the electronic aspect interpreted in various ways, including closed camera feedback, digital origins, digital processing, robotics, electronic devices controlled by people’s movements, and other types of technology. Much of it invites or even relies on participant interaction.
Creations in virtual reality programs, such as Second Life®, are an art form that is considered electronic art. Second Life® is a digital world where people interact using a digital persona called an avatar. A creation made for and used in Second Life® is both digitally created and digitally transmitted. When used in the Second Life® environment, others in the environment can also meet, talk and connect with the avatar, making the creation an interactive form of electronic art. Avatars in this and other virtual realities are created by people around the world, who are able to interact with each other despite the enormous distances between them.
Electronic music is another example of electronic art. There are many types of electronic music, but one type of electronic music is created with an electronic instrument called a theremin. The theremin is played by hand movements that interact with the instrument and control pitch and volume by altering the electromagnetic fields of two antennas. It was invented by Lev Theremin in the USSR in the 1920s and continued to develop for several years thereafter.
In 2009, an award in the Prix Ars Electronica, an international electronic arts competition, went to Eduardo Kac, along with his partners in the Department of Horticultural Science and the Department of Plant Biology at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul . Kac received the Hybrid Art award for his work titled “Natural History of the Enigma” in which he transplanted a gene from his own DNA into a petunia, resulting in an “Edunia”, which is accompanied by a sculpture, photographs and a print suite. Electronics enters, for example, the use of 3D imaging accustomed in the conceptualization of sculpture based on the proteins and molecules of the flower.
The term electronic art could also be applied to television broadcasts, podcasts, videos, films with CGI (computer-generated imagery) or other computer effects, and other art forms. Online video games are another interactive form of electronic art. It is very likely that new electronic art forms will continue to be invented.
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