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Photovoltaics uses solar panels to convert UV radiation into electricity, providing clean, renewable energy. Solar cells absorb energy from sunlight and are arranged into larger panels or arrays. The initial cost is high, but prices are decreasing as technology improves. Efficiency is also improving, with experimental cells reaching up to three times higher efficiency than current market average.
Photovoltaics is the field of technology that deals with the use of solar panels to provide energy. Photovoltaics has recently gained popularity due to a growing desire for clean, renewable energy. Solar panels work by converting ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight into electricity and produce no emissions. Sunlight is also a virtually infinite resource, unlike fossil fuels.
In photovoltaics, solar cells made of silicon or other semiconductor materials are arranged into larger photovoltaic modules or panels, which in turn are combined into even larger photovoltaic arrays. Solar cells absorb energy from sunlight, and electrons detach from their atoms in the process. The electrons are then used to produce electricity. PV arrays are often designed to cover otherwise unused areas exposed to lots of sunlight, such as rooftops or large tracts of unused land, such as a desert. Sometimes, photovoltaic arrays are designed to capture the maximum amount of sunlight as it moves throughout the day, turning toward the sun as it moves across the sky.
Due to the recent popularity of alternative renewable energy sources, the field of photovoltaics has grown. One of the most important current issues in the sector is the reduction of the initial cost of photovoltaic systems. Although solar energy is less expensive than other energy sources once a photovoltaic system is installed, the initial cost of installing the system or building a solar system is currently very high. However, as more people use PV and the technology improves, prices are getting lower.
Even photovoltaics has recently taken care of improving the efficiency of solar panels. Since solar cells produce direct current (DC), which must be converted to alternating current (AC) for use in modern technologies, there is an energy loss in the conversion process, currently 12 to 12%. Experimental high-efficiency solar cells are not yet widely used, but they have reached an efficiency up to three times higher than the current market average.
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