Companies test soundproofing products using standardized methods to create a sound insulation index. This index helps buyers choose the right material for their needs. Testing involves comparing decibel levels and frequencies in two rooms with a sample of the material in between. Different environments require different levels of insulation, and standardized methods are important for universal understanding.
The sound insulation index is a reflection of the sound insulation properties provided by a material. Several standardized methods can be used to develop a sound reduction index that will be easily understood by observers anywhere in the world. Companies test products designed for soundproofing before sale and label the packaging so buyers understand what type of soundproofing is available. This can be important for purchasing decisions, as people want to select sound insulators that meet their needs.
A simple method of testing products is to use two rooms with an opening between them. Technicians can place a sample of the test material into the opening and use a noise source to produce standardized noise. Instruments in both rooms measure decibel levels, frequencies, reverberation, and other sound characteristics. Researchers can compare data between the room with the noise source and the target room to determine how much sound reduction the material offers. This allows them to create an index to provide information about the insulating properties of the test material.
Soundproofing concerns can vary. In an environment like a radio booth, operators don’t want outside noise to enter, because it could interfere with the quality of the broadcast or recording. Materials with a very high sound insulation index are required and should have a wide range of application, limiting not only most decibel levels, but also a range of frequencies. This will prevent all but the loudest noise in all frequencies from entering the cabin.
For other settings, the sound reduction index may focus more on frequencies than on decibel levels. Using the noise filter, for example, it may be possible to remove specific frequencies from recordings and other activities, and therefore it is acceptable if they disperse into an environment. For environments such as highway barriers, vibration can also be a concern, and a material that resists the noise and vibration of heavy cars and trucks needs to be developed.
The use of standardized techniques and measurements for noise reduction index values is important. A material with a standardized classification can be used in any environment in the world. A sound engineer will get the necessary information about its properties from the package and can decide if it will be appropriate for a project. When engineers use non-standardized methods, it can create problems, as only people familiar with those methods will understand what the index actually means.
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