The theory of multiple intelligences proposes that humans have different types of intelligence, which contradicts the traditional view of intelligence as a single entity. Howard Gardner originally proposed seven types, later adding an eighth. The theory has been implemented in various ways in schools, but critics argue it lacks scientific validity.
The theory of multiple intelligences attempts to define human intelligence in a more accurate sense and questions the scientific validity of current methods that measure intelligence. In a general sense, the theory proposes that humans achieve understanding through a broad range of abilities. One student’s lack of understanding of a certain concept does not necessarily mean that other students possess more intelligence. The theory holds that the student may learn from a different method, excel in other areas, or may be attempting to understand the concept on a deeper level.
The theory was first proposed by American developmental psychologist Howard Gardner in 1983. Originally, Gardner claimed there were seven types of intelligence, but he added another one in 1999. Originally, Gardner claimed there were seven types of intelligence , including spatial, linguistic, intrapersonal. interpersonal, kinesthetic, logical-mathematical and musical. In 1999, he added naturalistic to this list to make eight. According to the theory of multiple intelligences, human beings are born with different types of intelligence that exist independently of each other. This contradicts previous notions which hold that the human mind is a blank slate, or blank slate, at birth.
Traditional theories of education that maintain intelligence as a single entity assumed that humans could learn anything as long as it was presented appropriately. This ideology has led to schools developing instruction and testing for logical and linguistic intelligence only. While most students achieve success through this method, many others don’t. Proponents of the theory of multiple intelligences use a variety of exercises and method styles that attempt to reach all students in an attempt to use their abilities.
Many teachers have taken the view that the theory of multiple intelligences merely validates a long-standing hypothesis. The implementation of the theory is applied in a wide variety of ways. In some schools, teachers have worked on the theory of MIs in their daily classroom activities, for example by offering students different ways to express what they have learned, for example through a project, document or presentation. Even the entire school curriculum around the theory of multiple intelligences was based on the teacher. A Harvard University study of 41 US schools using the theory showed that the schools generally had well-disciplined students who produced high-quality work.
The theory is not without its detractors. Many critics, usually within the scientific and psychological communities, have pointed out that the theory of multiple intelligences has never been tested or peer reviewed. Many who study intelligence argue that theory is based more on opinion than fact. Despite its criticisms, the theory of multiple intelligences remains popular in Western classrooms and is starting to gain momentum around the world.
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